** format-time-string now allows you to specify the field width
and type of padding. This works as in printf: you write the field width as digits in the middle of a %-construct. If you start the field width with 0, it means to pad with zeros.

For example, %S normally specifies the number of seconds since the minute; %03S means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, %_3S to pad with spaces to 3 positions. Plain %3S pads with zeros, because that is how %S normally pads to two positions.